WAEC & NECO 2025 Agric Science: Key Topics and Likely Questions

1. Note the Key Topics in WAEC & NECO 2025 Agric Science

Note that these key topics form the foundation of the subject Agric science and are the ones most likely to appear in the exams. 

Start by focusing on crop production, as it covers areas like plant propagation, crop rotation, pest and disease control, and soil management. 

Animal husbandry is another major topic, which includes breeding, animal nutrition, and livestock diseases. 

Understanding the principles of soil science is also essential, as it delves into soil properties, types, and conservation methods. 

Agricultural economics, which explores concepts like farm management, production techniques, and market trends, is often tested as well.

Don’t neglect the study of farm tools and machinery, agricultural policies, and environmental sustainability, as mastering these topics can help you deliver accurate and confident responses in the exams.

The following are the key topics to note for WAEC & NECO 2025 Agriculture Science:

• Crop production (plant propagation, crop rotation, pest control)
• Animal husbandry (breeding, animal nutrition, livestock diseases)
• Soil science (soil properties, conservation, types)
• Agricultural economics (farm management, production, market trends)
• Farm tools and machinery
• Agricultural policies
• Environmental sustainability

2. Dive Into Crop Production and Management

Keep in mind that crop production and management focus on growing crops efficiently.

First, you need to understand plant propagation, which includes methods like seed planting, cuttings, and grafting. 

You need to know how crop rotation works and how it helps maintain soil fertility while reducing pest and disease buildup. 

Pest and disease control is another critical area, so you need to familiarize yourself with both chemical and organic control methods. 

Soil management is essential, as healthy soil is the foundation for good crop growth, this involves knowing how to maintain soil fertility through practices like proper irrigation, fertilization, and understanding the soil’s structure and composition. 

Study how weather and climate impacts crop growth, as these factors directly influence the health and yield of your crops. 

Mastering these aspects gives you a solid foundation of crop production and helps you write your exam effectively for optimal results.

3. Look into Animal Husbandry and Livestock Production

When studying animal husbandry and livestock production, it’s essential to focus on several key concepts. 

Here you need to know the different types of livestock, such as cattle, poultry, goats, and sheep, and their specific care needs. 

You also need to learn about breeding techniques, including selecting the best animals for reproduction to improve herd quality. 

Animal nutrition is another vital area where you need to study, note the dietary needs of different animals to ensure they grow and produce efficiently. 

Livestock diseases and their prevention are important topics as well, as diseases can have a significant impact on production. 

It’s also necessary to understand how to manage livestock housing, feeding, and health care systems to maintain high productivity and minimize losses. 

Acquiring knowledge in these areas empowers you to address related exam questions with confidence and poise.

4. Study Soil Science and Fertility Practices

Study soil science and fertility practices to be prepared for any questions that can come up on the exam. 

You need to understand the different types of soil and how their properties affect plant growth, familiarize yourself with soil composition, texture, and structure, as these influence water retention and nutrient availability. 

Soil fertility practices, like the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, are also essential knowledge, as they can help maintain healthy soil and support optimal crop production. 

Knowing how to manage soil health, including techniques like mulching and crop rotation, can be valuable in addressing questions on maintaining soil productivity. 

5. Think About Agricultural Economics and Extension

Think about agricultural economics and extension to prepare for questions that can test your understanding of how agriculture intersects with economic principles. 

Agricultural economics involves studying farm management, production costs, and the financial aspects of agriculture, such as budgeting, pricing, and profit maximization. 

It’s important to grasp how market trends and government policies impact agricultural practices and farmer income. 

Agricultural extension, on the other hand, focuses on the communication of agricultural knowledge and innovations to farmers, helping them improve productivity and adopt new techniques. Understanding these areas can help you respond to questions about how economics and information sharing influence farming practices and the broader agricultural industry.

6. Consider fisheries and forestry aspects

Consider fisheries and forestry aspects as you prepare, as these areas are often included in questions related to sustainable agriculture and resource management. 

Fisheries cover the study of aquatic life, including fish farming techniques, breeding methods, and the importance of maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems. 

Getting to know forestry involves learning about the management of forests, including the cultivation of trees, conservation practices, and the economic benefits derived from forest resources. 

You also need to familiarize yourself with topics like deforestation, reforestation, and the role of forests in environmental protection. 

Being well-versed in these aspects ensures you can tackle questions on the sustainable use and management of natural resources effectively. 

7. Pay Attention to Pests, Diseases, and Their Control

Pay attention to pests, diseases, and their control, as these are topics often tested in agricultural science exams. 

You need to understand how pests and diseases affect crops and livestock, reducing productivity and causing economic losses. 

Study the different types of pests, such as insects, rodents, and nematodes, and learn how they damage plants and stored produce. 

Familiarize yourself with common plant and animal diseases, their symptoms, and how they spread.

Control methods are equally important, including chemical controls like pesticides, biological controls using natural predators, and cultural practices like crop rotation and proper hygiene. Knowing these areas can play a vital role as you answer questions confidently and apply effective strategies for pest and disease management.

8. Prepare for Likely Questions in Agric Science

Preparing for likely questions in Agric Science is crucial for excelling in your WAEC and NECO exams. To do this, review past questions, understand the key topics, and practice answering questions that test both your theoretical knowledge and practical understanding. 

Likely questions often cover core areas like crop production, animal husbandry, soil science, agricultural economics, and environmental sustainability. 

By practicing these questions, you gain confidence and improve your ability to analyze and respond effectively.  

The following are likely questions to guide your preparation:  

1. What are the major types of soil, and how do they influence crop production?  
2. Explain the methods of soil conservation and their importance.  
3. Describe the process of crop rotation and its benefits in agriculture.  
4. What are the characteristics of sandy, clayey, and loamy soils?  
5. Outline the steps involved in plant propagation.  
6. List five types of farm tools and explain their uses.  
7. Describe the stages of growth in maize and their management practices.  
8. Explain the term “livestock management” and its key components.  
9. What are the common pests of rice, and how can they be controlled?  
10. Describe the life cycle of a maize stem borer.  
11. Explain the economic importance of poultry farming in Nigeria.  
12. What are the symptoms and control measures for foot and mouth disease in cattle?  
13. Describe the methods of improving pasture for livestock.  
14. Define agricultural economics and explain its importance.  
15. What are the factors affecting the demand and supply of agricultural products?  
16. Explain the concept of farm budgeting and its uses.  
17. What is the role of agricultural extension services in rural development?  
18. Explain how afforestation helps in combating climate change.  
19. Describe the techniques used in sustainable fish farming.  
20. What are the differences between extensive and intensive livestock production systems?  
21. Define mixed farming and explain its advantages.  
22. Describe five common diseases of poultry and their control measures.  
23. Explain the effects of deforestation on agriculture.  
24. What are the major functions of a cooperative society in agriculture?  
25. Explain the importance of fertilizers in crop production.  
26. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using organic fertilizers?  
27. Define irrigation farming and explain its significance in Nigeria.  
28. What are the differences between monocropping and mixed cropping?  
29. Explain the principles of integrated pest management (IPM).  
30. Describe the process of fish breeding and its significance.  
31. What are the major forest products and their uses?  
32. Explain how soil pH affects nutrient availability in plants.  
33. What is the role of bees in crop pollination?  
34. Describe the factors affecting fish growth in ponds.  
35. What are the methods of controlling erosion on farmlands?  
36. Explain the term “agroforestry” and its benefits.  
37. What are the roles of nitrogen and potassium in plant growth?  
38. Describe the uses of herbicides and their effects on the environment.  
39. Explain the concept of zero tillage and its impact on soil conservation.  
40. List and explain three methods of food preservation.  

Pro Tips 

• Understand the syllabus: Review the WAEC and NECO Agric Science syllabus thoroughly to know all the topics you need to cover.
• Focus on key topics: Pay special attention to frequently tested areas like crop production, soil science, and animal husbandry.
• Study past questions: Practice with past questions to familiarize yourself with the exam format and identify recurring questions.
• Use diagrams and illustrations: Learn how to draw and label diagrams accurately, as they are often required in exams.
• Master agricultural terminologies: Ensure you understand and can define key agricultural terms and concepts.
• Organize your notes: Summarize each topic into concise notes for quick revision before the exam.
• Practice practical applications: Understand practical aspects like soil tests, pest control methods, and farm tools.
• Time your practice sessions: Simulate exam conditions by timing yourself while answering practice questions.
• Seek clarification: Ask teachers or classmates for help with any topic you find difficult to understand.